Viruses aiding parasites in causing disease

Leishmania Viannia infections, which cause mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, appear to be more severe when the parasites themselves are infected with a virus (Leishmania RNA virus-1). The viruses are recognized by a particular immune receptor, TLR3. In this way, presence of the virus causes an immune response of cytokines and chemokines. Unfortunately, this immune response exacerbates the leishmaniasis infection and extends the infection. The study was performed by infecting mice with the TLR3 gene knocked out. A less severe case of leishmaniasis was observed in mice without the receptor.

This discovery may help us to devise new treatments for severe leishmaniasis that target the virus rather than the parasite. Furthermore, we may become better at identifying these interactions between parasites and viruses in other disease. Personally I think we should counter this alliance of parasites and viruses by teaming up with bears to fight them! (Note: Actually teaming up with bears will not be helpful)

http://news.wustl.edu/news/Pages/21869.aspx

-Alex

Measles in the United States - Continuation of Measles Everywhere!

A measles outbreak is unfolding in Boston. Three cases have been confirmed. The first was a worker at the French consulate who probably contracted the disease outside of the United States. Two other cases have been linked to this initial case because of their proximity. One of the patients frequents the same restaurant as the consulate worker and the other lives nearby. Because measles cases are rare, public health officials have alerted Boston’s health care providers to be on the lookout for measles cases. Three more suspected cases are awaiting confirmation. This small but sudden outbreak is a testament to measles ability to spread. Interestingly, the patients are in their 20s and 30s. This brings up the question of why they are not inoculated against measles. Unfortunately, this was not reported so we can only guess why they were susceptible. Perhaps they did not receive booster shots for measles and their immunity is waning.

http://news.bostonherald.com/news/regional/view/2011_0226third_suspected_case_of_measles_surfaces/

-Alex